Minggu, 20 Oktober 2013

Poros Penyangga & Poros Transmisi


Poros Penyangga :

Elemen konstruksi yang berfungsi menyangga elemen konstruksi lain yang berputar

Contoh :

·         Puli kabel / tali pada keran angkat

·         Puli penegang sabuk atau rantai

·         Roda gigi antara

·         Tuas pengungkit

·         Tuas pengunci

Poros Penyangga Pembebanan bengkok / tekuk sangat dominan. (Pembebanan tarik atau tekan sangat jarang) Tidak meneruskan / mentransmisikan momen puntir. Dapat berupa poros diam, maupun poros ikut berputar. Pada poros ikut berputar, pembebanan tekuk adalah pembebanan tekuk ganti (reverse bending load ).


Poros Transmisi :

Elemen konstruksi yang berfungsi menerima, kemudian meneruskan momen puntir ( Mt ) dari elemen transmisi yang satu ke elemen transmisi yang lain.

Contoh :

·         Roda gigi

·         Puli sabuk


       Pembebanan terutama adalah puntir ( tt ) akibat momen puntir ( Mt ). Masih menerima pembebanan bengkok ( sb ) akibat berat elemen mesin yang harus disangga. Jika elemen yang disangga adalah roda gigi miring, poros juga harus menerima pembebanan tekan ( sd ) dan pembebanan tarik ( sz ) akibat gaya aksial ( Fa ).

Material Poros:

Penyangga dan transmisi beban normal : biasanya St. 37 – St. 70

Transmisi untuk beban berat : baja perlakuan panas, Baja keras,Baja otomatik, Baja kerja dingin.

Menghitung poros :

Menghitung poros bisa berdasarkan keseluruhan konsep konstruksi: Hubungan jarak antara kontruksi lain dangan poros.

Rumus poros penyangga :

Syarat : diketahui jenis material dan kekasaranya, besarnya beban, jarak antara bantalan/penompang, angka keamanan.

1. Hitung tengangan sementara 

2. Hitung dk sementara dari tegangan sementara

Besarnya Mb hitung dengan cara uraian gaya, cari Mb yang paling maksimal.

3.Menghitung tegangan sebenarnya dari dk sementara

Dk sementara berfungsi untuk mencari besanya b1 dan b2

4.menghitung dk sebenarnya 

5.Hitung diameter sebenarnya dengan ditambahi tebal pasak

Poros penyangga diam dan poros penyangga ikut berputar biasanya beban bengkok ganti.


Rumus Poros transmisi :

1. Hitung tengangan sementara/ tegangan sudah ketahui

2. Hitung dk sementara dari tegangan sementara/tegangan yang sudah diketahui

    Besarnya Mv: gabungan dari Mt (tegangan puntir) Mb hitung dengan cara uraian gaya, 

    cari yang paling maksimal.

    menghitung momen puntir atau momen bengkok.

    Momen puntir rumus terlampir. (Mt = 9550 P/n)

    Momen bengkok cari  momen bengkok maximal. Untuk uraian gaya biasanya dipengaruhi

    oleh gaya aksial (Fa) gaya radial (Fr) dan (Fu)

3. Menghitung tegangan sebenarnya dari dk sementara

     Dk sementara berfungsi untuk mencari besanya b1 dan b2

4. Menghitung dk sebenarnya

5. Hitung diameter sebenarnya dengan ditambahi tebal pasak

Perhitungan lain biasanya tentang toleransi poros dan besarnya ukuran pasak.( Lihat tabel elemen mesin)
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